Test-Time Adaptation: the key to reasoning with DL (Mohamed Osman)

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

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1
State Secrets: Inside The Making Of The Electric State

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10 days ago10d ago

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Step inside the world of The Electric State! Join host Francesca Amiker as she takes you behind the scenes of Anthony and Joe Russo’s epic new Netflix adventure. Over six in-depth episodes, explore how the filmmakers transformed Simon Stålenhag’s stunning graphic novel into a cinematic experience like no other. Exclusive interviews from the cast and crew—including Millie Bobby Brown, Chris Pratt, Stanley Tucci, and the Russo Brothers—will help break down the film’s jaw-dropping visuals, emotional core, groundbreaking technology AND the creative secrets that make The Electric State. Join us in the countdown to The Electric State premiering exclusively on Netflix on March 14th. State Secrets: Inside The Making of The Electric State coming March 7th.

9 days ago 1:03:36

MP3•Laman utama episod

SPONSOR MESSAGES:

***

Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich.

Goto https://tufalabs.ai/

***

TRANSCRIPT + REFS:

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jeavyqidsjzjgjgd7ns7h/MoFInal.pdf?rlkey=cjjmo7rgtenxrr3b46nk6yq2e&dl=0

Mohamed Osman (Tufa Labs)

https://x.com/MohamedOsmanML

Jack Cole (Tufa Labs)

https://x.com/MindsAI_Jack

How and why deep learning for ARC paper:

https://github.com/MohamedOsman1998/deep-learning-for-arc/blob/main/deep_learning_for_arc.pdf

TOC:

1. Abstract Reasoning Foundations

[00:00:00] 1.1 Test-Time Fine-Tuning and ARC Challenge Overview

[00:10:20] 1.2 Neural Networks vs Programmatic Approaches to Reasoning

[00:13:23] 1.3 Code-Based Learning and Meta-Model Architecture

[00:20:26] 1.4 Technical Implementation with Long T5 Model

2. ARC Solution Architectures

[00:24:10] 2.1 Test-Time Tuning and Voting Methods for ARC Solutions

[00:27:54] 2.2 Model Generalization and Function Generation Challenges

[00:32:53] 2.3 Input Representation and VLM Limitations

[00:36:21] 2.4 Architecture Innovation and Cross-Modal Integration

[00:40:05] 2.5 Future of ARC Challenge and Program Synthesis Approaches

3. Advanced Systems Integration

[00:43:00] 3.1 DreamCoder Evolution and LLM Integration

[00:50:07] 3.2 MindsAI Team Progress and Acquisition by Tufa Labs

[00:54:15] 3.3 ARC v2 Development and Performance Scaling

[00:58:22] 3.4 Intelligence Benchmarks and Transformer Limitations

[01:01:50] 3.5 Neural Architecture Optimization and Processing Distribution

REFS:

[00:01:32] Original ARC challenge paper, François Chollet

https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547

[00:06:55] DreamCoder, Kevin Ellis et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.08381

[00:12:50] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet

https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438

[00:13:35] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet

https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438

[00:13:35] Influence of pretraining data for reasoning, Laura Ruis

https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12580

[00:17:50] Latent Program Networks, Clement Bonnet

https://arxiv.org/html/2411.08706v1

[00:20:50] T5, Colin Raffel et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683

[00:30:30] Combining Induction and Transduction for Abstract Reasoning, Wen-Ding Li, Kevin Ellis et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02272

[00:34:15] Six finger problem, Chen et al.

https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2024/papers/Chen_SpatialVLM_Endowing_Vision-Language_Models_with_Spatial_Reasoning_Capabilities_CVPR_2024_paper.pdf

[00:38:15] DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama, DeepSeek AI

https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B

[00:40:10] ARC Prize 2024 Technical Report, François Chollet et al.

https://arxiv.org/html/2412.04604v2

[00:45:20] LLM-Guided Compositional Program Synthesis, Wen-Ding Li and Kevin Ellis

https://arxiv.org/html/2503.15540

[00:54:25] Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus, François Chollet

https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI

[00:57:10] O3 breakthrough on ARC-AGI, OpenAI

https://arcprize.org/

[00:59:35] ConceptARC Benchmark, Arseny Moskvichev, Melanie Mitchell

https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07141

[01:02:05] Mixtape: Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck Efficiently, Yang, Zhilin and Dai, Zihang and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Cohen, William W.

http://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9723-mixtape-breaking-the-softmax-bottleneck-efficiently.pdf

214 episod

#Machine Learning Street Talk #Artificial Intelligence #Tech #Machine Learning

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

Test-Time Adaptation: the key to reasoning with DL (Mohamed Osman)

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

254 subscribers

published 9 days ago

Kongsi

MP3•Laman utama episod

SPONSOR MESSAGES:

***

Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich.

Goto https://tufalabs.ai/

***

TRANSCRIPT + REFS:

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jeavyqidsjzjgjgd7ns7h/MoFInal.pdf?rlkey=cjjmo7rgtenxrr3b46nk6yq2e&dl=0

Mohamed Osman (Tufa Labs)

https://x.com/MohamedOsmanML

Jack Cole (Tufa Labs)

https://x.com/MindsAI_Jack

How and why deep learning for ARC paper:

https://github.com/MohamedOsman1998/deep-learning-for-arc/blob/main/deep_learning_for_arc.pdf

TOC:

1. Abstract Reasoning Foundations

[00:00:00] 1.1 Test-Time Fine-Tuning and ARC Challenge Overview

[00:10:20] 1.2 Neural Networks vs Programmatic Approaches to Reasoning

[00:13:23] 1.3 Code-Based Learning and Meta-Model Architecture

[00:20:26] 1.4 Technical Implementation with Long T5 Model

2. ARC Solution Architectures

[00:24:10] 2.1 Test-Time Tuning and Voting Methods for ARC Solutions

[00:27:54] 2.2 Model Generalization and Function Generation Challenges

[00:32:53] 2.3 Input Representation and VLM Limitations

[00:36:21] 2.4 Architecture Innovation and Cross-Modal Integration

[00:40:05] 2.5 Future of ARC Challenge and Program Synthesis Approaches

3. Advanced Systems Integration

[00:43:00] 3.1 DreamCoder Evolution and LLM Integration

[00:50:07] 3.2 MindsAI Team Progress and Acquisition by Tufa Labs

[00:54:15] 3.3 ARC v2 Development and Performance Scaling

[00:58:22] 3.4 Intelligence Benchmarks and Transformer Limitations

[01:01:50] 3.5 Neural Architecture Optimization and Processing Distribution

REFS:

[00:01:32] Original ARC challenge paper, François Chollet

https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547

[00:06:55] DreamCoder, Kevin Ellis et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.08381

[00:12:50] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet

https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438

[00:13:35] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet

https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438

[00:13:35] Influence of pretraining data for reasoning, Laura Ruis

https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12580

[00:17:50] Latent Program Networks, Clement Bonnet

https://arxiv.org/html/2411.08706v1

[00:20:50] T5, Colin Raffel et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683

[00:30:30] Combining Induction and Transduction for Abstract Reasoning, Wen-Ding Li, Kevin Ellis et al.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02272

[00:34:15] Six finger problem, Chen et al.

https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2024/papers/Chen_SpatialVLM_Endowing_Vision-Language_Models_with_Spatial_Reasoning_Capabilities_CVPR_2024_paper.pdf

[00:38:15] DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama, DeepSeek AI

https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B

[00:40:10] ARC Prize 2024 Technical Report, François Chollet et al.

https://arxiv.org/html/2412.04604v2

[00:45:20] LLM-Guided Compositional Program Synthesis, Wen-Ding Li and Kevin Ellis

https://arxiv.org/html/2503.15540

[00:54:25] Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus, François Chollet

https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI

[00:57:10] O3 breakthrough on ARC-AGI, OpenAI

https://arcprize.org/

[00:59:35] ConceptARC Benchmark, Arseny Moskvichev, Melanie Mitchell

https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07141

[01:02:05] Mixtape: Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck Efficiently, Yang, Zhilin and Dai, Zihang and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Cohen, William W.

http://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9723-mixtape-breaking-the-softmax-bottleneck-efficiently.pdf

214 episod

#Machine Learning Street Talk #Artificial Intelligence #Tech #Machine Learning

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Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

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The Compendium - Connor Leahy and Gabriel Alfour 1:37:10

1 day ago1:37:10

1:37:10

Connor Leahy and Gabriel Alfour, AI researchers from Conjecture and authors of "The Compendium," joinus for a critical discussion centered on Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) safety and governance. Drawing from their comprehensive analysis in "The Compendium," they articulate a stark warning about the existential risks inherent in uncontrolled AI development, framing it through the lens of "intelligence domination"—where a sufficiently advanced AI could subordinate humanity, much like humans dominate less intelligent species. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT + REFS + NOTES: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/p86l75y4o2ii40df5t7no/Compendium.pdf?rlkey=tukczgf3flw133sr9rgss0pnj&dl=0 https://www.thecompendium.ai/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor_Leahy https://www.conjecture.dev/about https://substack.com/@gabecc TOC: 1. AI Intelligence and Safety Fundamentals [00:00:00] 1.1 Understanding Intelligence and AI Capabilities [00:06:20] 1.2 Emergence of Intelligence and Regulatory Challenges [00:10:18] 1.3 Human vs Animal Intelligence Debate [00:18:00] 1.4 AI Regulation and Risk Assessment Approaches [00:26:14] 1.5 Competing AI Development Ideologies 2. Economic and Social Impact [00:29:10] 2.1 Labor Market Disruption and Post-Scarcity Scenarios [00:32:40] 2.2 Institutional Frameworks and Tech Power Dynamics [00:37:40] 2.3 Ethical Frameworks and AI Governance Debates [00:40:52] 2.4 AI Alignment Evolution and Technical Challenges 3. Technical Governance Framework [00:55:07] 3.1 Three Levels of AI Safety: Alignment, Corrigibility, and Boundedness [00:55:30] 3.2 Challenges of AI System Corrigibility and Constitutional Models [00:57:35] 3.3 Limitations of Current Boundedness Approaches [00:59:11] 3.4 Abstract Governance Concepts and Policy Solutions 4. Democratic Implementation and Coordination [00:59:20] 4.1 Governance Design and Measurement Challenges [01:00:10] 4.2 Democratic Institutions and Experimental Governance [01:14:10] 4.3 Political Engagement and AI Safety Advocacy [01:25:30] 4.4 Practical AI Safety Measures and International Coordination CORE REFS: [00:01:45] The Compendium (2023), Leahy et al. https://pdf.thecompendium.ai/the_compendium.pdf [00:06:50] Geoffrey Hinton Leaves Google, BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65452940 [00:10:00] ARC-AGI, Chollet https://arcprize.org/arc-agi [00:13:25] A Brief History of Intelligence, Bennett https://www.amazon.com/Brief-History-Intelligence-Humans-Breakthroughs/dp/0063286343 [00:25:35] Statement on AI Risk, Center for AI Safety https://www.safe.ai/work/statement-on-ai-risk [00:26:15] Machines of Love and Grace, Amodei https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace [00:26:35] The Techno-Optimist Manifesto, Andreessen https://a16z.com/the-techno-optimist-manifesto/ [00:31:55] Techno-Feudalism, Varoufakis https://www.amazon.co.uk/Technofeudalism-Killed-Capitalism-Yanis-Varoufakis/dp/1847927270 [00:42:40] Introducing Superalignment, OpenAI https://openai.com/index/introducing-superalignment/ [00:47:20] Three Laws of Robotics, Asimov https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Laws-of-Robotics [00:50:00] Symbolic AI (GOFAI), Haugeland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence [00:52:30] Intent Alignment, Christiano https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/HEZgGBZTpT4Bov7nH/mapping-the-conceptual-territory-in-ai-existential-safety [00:55:10] Large Language Model Alignment: A Survey, Jiang et al. http://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15025 [00:55:40] Constitutional Checks and Balances, Bok https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
ARC Prize v2 Launch! (Francois Chollet and Mike Knoop) 54:15

7 days ago54:15

54:15

We are joined by Francois Chollet and Mike Knoop, to launch the new version of the ARC prize! In version 2, the challenges have been calibrated with humans such that at least 2 humans could solve each task in a reasonable task, but also adversarially selected so that frontier reasoning models can't solve them. The best LLMs today get negligible performance on this challenge. https://arcprize.org/ SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/0v9o8xcpppdwnkntj59oi/ARCv2.pdf?rlkey=luqb6f141976vra6zdtptv5uj&dl=0 TOC: 1. ARC v2 Core Design & Objectives [00:00:00] 1.1 ARC v2 Launch and Benchmark Architecture [00:03:16] 1.2 Test-Time Optimization and AGI Assessment [00:06:24] 1.3 Human-AI Capability Analysis [00:13:02] 1.4 OpenAI o3 Initial Performance Results 2. ARC Technical Evolution [00:17:20] 2.1 ARC-v1 to ARC-v2 Design Improvements [00:21:12] 2.2 Human Validation Methodology [00:26:05] 2.3 Task Design and Gaming Prevention [00:29:11] 2.4 Intelligence Measurement Framework 3. O3 Performance & Future Challenges [00:38:50] 3.1 O3 Comprehensive Performance Analysis [00:43:40] 3.2 System Limitations and Failure Modes [00:49:30] 3.3 Program Synthesis Applications [00:53:00] 3.4 Future Development Roadmap REFS: [00:00:15] On the Measure of Intelligence, François Chollet https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 [00:06:45] ARC Prize Foundation, François Chollet, Mike Knoop https://arcprize.org/ [00:12:50] OpenAI o3 model performance on ARC v1, ARC Prize Team https://arcprize.org/blog/oai-o3-pub-breakthrough [00:18:30] Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models, Jason Wei et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903 [00:21:45] ARC-v2 benchmark tasks, Mike Knoop https://arcprize.org/blog/introducing-arc-agi-public-leaderboard [00:26:05] ARC Prize 2024: Technical Report, Francois Chollet et al. https://arxiv.org/html/2412.04604v2 [00:32:45] ARC Prize 2024 Technical Report, Francois Chollet, Mike Knoop, Gregory Kamradt https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04604 [00:48:55] The Bitter Lesson, Rich Sutton http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html [00:53:30] Decoding strategies in neural text generation, Sina Zarrieß https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/9/355/pdf…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Test-Time Adaptation: the key to reasoning with DL (Mohamed Osman) 1:03:36

9 days ago1:03:36

1:03:36

Mohamed Osman joins to discuss MindsAI's highest scoring entry to the ARC challenge 2024 and the paradigm of test-time fine-tuning. They explore how the team, now part of Tufa Labs in Zurich, achieved state-of-the-art results using a combination of pre-training techniques, a unique meta-learning strategy, and an ensemble voting mechanism. Mohamed emphasizes the importance of raw data input and flexibility of the network. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT + REFS: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jeavyqidsjzjgjgd7ns7h/MoFInal.pdf?rlkey=cjjmo7rgtenxrr3b46nk6yq2e&dl=0 Mohamed Osman (Tufa Labs) https://x.com/MohamedOsmanML Jack Cole (Tufa Labs) https://x.com/MindsAI_Jack How and why deep learning for ARC paper: https://github.com/MohamedOsman1998/deep-learning-for-arc/blob/main/deep_learning_for_arc.pdf TOC: 1. Abstract Reasoning Foundations [00:00:00] 1.1 Test-Time Fine-Tuning and ARC Challenge Overview [00:10:20] 1.2 Neural Networks vs Programmatic Approaches to Reasoning [00:13:23] 1.3 Code-Based Learning and Meta-Model Architecture [00:20:26] 1.4 Technical Implementation with Long T5 Model 2. ARC Solution Architectures [00:24:10] 2.1 Test-Time Tuning and Voting Methods for ARC Solutions [00:27:54] 2.2 Model Generalization and Function Generation Challenges [00:32:53] 2.3 Input Representation and VLM Limitations [00:36:21] 2.4 Architecture Innovation and Cross-Modal Integration [00:40:05] 2.5 Future of ARC Challenge and Program Synthesis Approaches 3. Advanced Systems Integration [00:43:00] 3.1 DreamCoder Evolution and LLM Integration [00:50:07] 3.2 MindsAI Team Progress and Acquisition by Tufa Labs [00:54:15] 3.3 ARC v2 Development and Performance Scaling [00:58:22] 3.4 Intelligence Benchmarks and Transformer Limitations [01:01:50] 3.5 Neural Architecture Optimization and Processing Distribution REFS: [00:01:32] Original ARC challenge paper, François Chollet https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 [00:06:55] DreamCoder, Kevin Ellis et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.08381 [00:12:50] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438 [00:13:35] Deep Learning with Python, François Chollet https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Learning-Python-Francois-Chollet/dp/1617294438 [00:13:35] Influence of pretraining data for reasoning, Laura Ruis https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12580 [00:17:50] Latent Program Networks, Clement Bonnet https://arxiv.org/html/2411.08706v1 [00:20:50] T5, Colin Raffel et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683 [00:30:30] Combining Induction and Transduction for Abstract Reasoning, Wen-Ding Li, Kevin Ellis et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02272 [00:34:15] Six finger problem, Chen et al. https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2024/papers/Chen_SpatialVLM_Endowing_Vision-Language_Models_with_Spatial_Reasoning_Capabilities_CVPR_2024_paper.pdf [00:38:15] DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama, DeepSeek AI https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B [00:40:10] ARC Prize 2024 Technical Report, François Chollet et al. https://arxiv.org/html/2412.04604v2 [00:45:20] LLM-Guided Compositional Program Synthesis, Wen-Ding Li and Kevin Ellis https://arxiv.org/html/2503.15540 [00:54:25] Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus, François Chollet https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI [00:57:10] O3 breakthrough on ARC-AGI, OpenAI https://arcprize.org/ [00:59:35] ConceptARC Benchmark, Arseny Moskvichev, Melanie Mitchell https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07141 [01:02:05] Mixtape: Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck Efficiently, Yang, Zhilin and Dai, Zihang and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Cohen, William W. http://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9723-mixtape-breaking-the-softmax-bottleneck-efficiently.pdf…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
GSMSymbolic paper - Iman Mirzadeh (Apple) 1:11:23

12 days ago1:11:23

1:11:23

Iman Mirzadeh from Apple, who recently published the GSM-Symbolic paper discusses the crucial distinction between intelligence and achievement in AI systems. He critiques current AI research methodologies, highlighting the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning and knowledge representation. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT + RESEARCH: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/mlcjl9cd5p1kem4l0vqd3/IMAN.pdf?rlkey=dqfqb74zr81a5gqr8r6c8isg3&dl=0 TOC: 1. Intelligence vs Achievement in AI Systems [00:00:00] 1.1 Intelligence vs Achievement Metrics in AI Systems [00:03:27] 1.2 AlphaZero and Abstract Understanding in Chess [00:10:10] 1.3 Language Models and Distribution Learning Limitations [00:14:47] 1.4 Research Methodology and Theoretical Frameworks 2. Intelligence Measurement and Learning [00:24:24] 2.1 LLM Capabilities: Interpolation vs True Reasoning [00:29:00] 2.2 Intelligence Definition and Measurement Approaches [00:34:35] 2.3 Learning Capabilities and Agency in AI Systems [00:39:26] 2.4 Abstract Reasoning and Symbol Understanding 3. LLM Performance and Evaluation [00:47:15] 3.1 Scaling Laws and Fundamental Limitations [00:54:33] 3.2 Connectionism vs Symbolism Debate in Neural Networks [00:58:09] 3.3 GSM-Symbolic: Testing Mathematical Reasoning in LLMs [01:08:38] 3.4 Benchmark Evaluation and Model Performance Assessment REFS: [00:01:00] AlphaZero chess AI system, Silver et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 [00:07:10] Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies, Sadler & Regan https://www.amazon.com/Game-Changer-AlphaZeros-Groundbreaking-Strategies/dp/9056918184 [00:11:35] Cross-entropy loss in language modeling, Voita http://lena-voita.github.io/nlp_course/language_modeling.html [00:17:20] GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in LLMs, Mirzadeh et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05229 [00:21:25] Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical Analysis, Fodor & Pylyshyn https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001002779090014B [00:28:55] Brain-to-body mass ratio scaling laws, Sutskever https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/13/24320811/what-ilya-sutskever-sees-openai-model-data-training [00:29:40] On the Measure of Intelligence, Chollet https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 [00:33:30] On definition of intelligence, Gignac et al. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289624000266 [00:35:30] Defining intelligence, Wang https://cis.temple.edu/~wangp/papers.html [00:37:40] How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine... for Now, Dehaene https://www.amazon.com/How-We-Learn-Brains-Machine/dp/0525559884 [00:39:35] Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking, Hofstadter and Sander https://www.amazon.com/Surfaces-Essences-Analogy-Fuel-Thinking/dp/0465018475 [00:43:15] Chain-of-thought prompting, Wei et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903 [00:47:20] Test-time scaling laws in machine learning, Brown https://podcasts.apple.com/mv/podcast/openais-noam-brown-ilge-akkaya-and-hunter-lightman-on/id1750736528?i=1000671532058 [00:47:50] Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models, Kaplan et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08361 [00:55:15] Tensor product variable binding, Smolensky https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/000437029090007M [01:08:45] GSM-8K dataset, OpenAI https://huggingface.co/datasets/openai/gsm8k…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Reasoning, Robustness, and Human Feedback in AI - Max Bartolo (Cohere) 1:23:11

13 days ago1:23:11

1:23:11

Dr. Max Bartolo from Cohere discusses machine learning model development, evaluation, and robustness. Key topics include model reasoning, the DynaBench platform for dynamic benchmarking, data-centric AI development, model training challenges, and the limitations of human feedback mechanisms. The conversation also covers technical aspects like influence functions, model quantization, and the PRISM project. Max Bartolo (Cohere): https://www.maxbartolo.com/ https://cohere.com/command TRANSCRIPT: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/vujxscaffw37pqgb6hpie/MAXB.pdf?rlkey=0oqjxs5u49eqa2m7uaol64lbw&dl=0 TOC: 1. Model Reasoning and Verification [00:00:00] 1.1 Model Consistency and Reasoning Verification [00:03:25] 1.2 Influence Functions and Distributed Knowledge Analysis [00:10:28] 1.3 AI Application Development and Model Deployment [00:14:24] 1.4 AI Alignment and Human Feedback Limitations 2. Evaluation and Bias Assessment [00:20:15] 2.1 Human Evaluation Challenges and Factuality Assessment [00:27:15] 2.2 Cultural and Demographic Influences on Model Behavior [00:32:43] 2.3 Adversarial Examples and Model Robustness 3. Benchmarking Systems and Methods [00:41:54] 3.1 DynaBench and Dynamic Benchmarking Approaches [00:50:02] 3.2 Benchmarking Challenges and Alternative Metrics [00:50:33] 3.3 Evolution of Model Benchmarking Methods [00:51:15] 3.4 Hierarchical Capability Testing Framework [00:52:35] 3.5 Benchmark Platforms and Tools 4. Model Architecture and Performance [00:55:15] 4.1 Cohere's Model Development Process [01:00:26] 4.2 Model Quantization and Performance Evaluation [01:05:18] 4.3 Reasoning Capabilities and Benchmark Standards [01:08:27] 4.4 Training Progression and Technical Challenges 5. Future Directions and Challenges [01:13:48] 5.1 Context Window Evolution and Trade-offs [01:22:47] 5.2 Enterprise Applications and Future Challenges REFS: [00:03:10] Research at Cohere with Laura Ruis et al., Max Bartolo, Laura Ruis et al. https://cohere.com/research/papers/procedural-knowledge-in-pretraining-drives-reasoning-in-large-language-models-2024-11-20 [00:04:15] Influence functions in machine learning, Koh & Liang https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.04730 [00:08:05] Studying Large Language Model Generalization with Influence Functions, Roger Grosse et al. https://storage.prod.researchhub.com/uploads/papers/2023/08/08/2308.03296.pdf [00:11:10] The LLM ARChitect: Solving ARC-AGI Is A Matter of Perspective, Daniel Franzen, Jan Disselhoff, and David Hartmann https://github.com/da-fr/arc-prize-2024/blob/main/the_architects.pdf [00:12:10] Hugging Face model repo for C4AI Command A, Cohere and Cohere For AI https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-a-03-2025 [00:13:30] OpenInterpreter https://github.com/KillianLucas/open-interpreter [00:16:15] Human Feedback is not Gold Standard, Tom Hosking, Max Bartolo, Phil Blunsom https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16349 [00:27:15] The PRISM Alignment Dataset, Hannah Kirk et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16019 [00:32:50] How adversarial examples arise, Andrew Ilyas, Shibani Santurkar, Dimitris Tsipras, Logan Engstrom, Brandon Tran, Aleksander Madry https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02175 [00:43:00] DynaBench platform paper, Douwe Kiela et al. https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.324.pdf [00:50:15] Sara Hooker's work on compute limitations, Sara Hooker https://arxiv.org/html/2407.05694v1 [00:53:25] DataPerf: Community-led benchmark suite, Mazumder et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.10062 [01:04:35] DROP, Dheeru Dua et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00161 [01:07:05] GSM8k, Cobbe et al. https://paperswithcode.com/sota/arithmetic-reasoning-on-gsm8k [01:09:30] ARC, François Chollet https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI [01:15:50] Command A, Cohere https://cohere.com/blog/command-a [01:22:55] Enterprise search using LLMs, Cohere https://cohere.com/blog/commonly-asked-questions-about-search-from-coheres-enterprise-customers…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Tau Language: The Software Synthesis Future (sponsored) 1:41:19

19 days ago1:41:19

1:41:19

This sponsored episode features mathematician Ohad Asor discussing logical approaches to AI, focusing on the limitations of machine learning and introducing the Tau language for software development and blockchain tech. Asor argues that machine learning cannot guarantee correctness. Tau allows logical specification of software requirements, automatically creating provably correct implementations with potential to revolutionize distributed systems. The discussion highlights program synthesis, software updates, and applications in finance and governance.SPONSOR MESSAGES:***Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/***TRANSCRIPT + RESEARCH:https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/t849j6v1juk3gc15g4rsy/TAU.pdf?rlkey=hh11h2mhog3ncdbeapbzpzctc&dl=0Tau:https://tau.net/Tau Language:https://tau.ai/tau-language/Research:https://tau.net/Theories-and-Applications-of-Boolean-Algebras-0.29.pdfTOC:1. Machine Learning Foundations and Limitations [00:00:00] 1.1 Fundamental Limitations of Machine Learning and PAC Learning Theory [00:04:50] 1.2 Transductive Learning and the Three Curses of Machine Learning [00:08:57] 1.3 Language, Reality, and AI System Design [00:12:58] 1.4 Program Synthesis and Formal Verification Approaches2. Logical Programming Architecture [00:31:55] 2.1 Safe AI Development Requirements [00:32:05] 2.2 Self-Referential Language Architecture [00:32:50] 2.3 Boolean Algebra and Logical Foundations [00:37:52] 2.4 SAT Solvers and Complexity Challenges [00:44:30] 2.5 Program Synthesis and Specification [00:47:39] 2.6 Overcoming Tarski's Undefinability with Boolean Algebra [00:56:05] 2.7 Tau Language Implementation and User Control3. Blockchain-Based Software Governance [01:09:10] 3.1 User Control and Software Governance Mechanisms [01:18:27] 3.2 Tau's Blockchain Architecture and Meta-Programming Capabilities [01:21:43] 3.3 Development Status and Token Implementation [01:24:52] 3.4 Consensus Building and Opinion Mapping System [01:35:29] 3.5 Automation and Financial ApplicationsCORE REFS (more in pinned comment):[00:03:45] PAC (Probably Approximately Correct) Learning framework, Leslie Valianthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning[00:06:10] Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT), Varioushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem[00:13:55] Knowledge as Justified True Belief (JTB), Matthias Steuphttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/[00:17:50] Wittgenstein's concept of the limits of language, Ludwig Wittgensteinhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/[00:21:25] Boolean algebras, Ohad Osorhttps://tau.net/tau-language-research/[00:26:10] The Halting Problemhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/#HaltProb[00:30:25] Alfred Tarski (1901-1983), Mario Gómez-Torrentehttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski/[00:41:50] DPLLhttps://www.cs.princeton.edu/~zkincaid/courses/fall18/readings/SATHandbook-CDCL.pdf[00:49:50] Tarski's undefinability theorem (1936), Alfred Tarskihttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski-truth/[00:51:45] Boolean Algebra mathematical foundations, J. Donald Monkhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boolalg-math/[01:02:35] Belief Revision Theory and AGM Postulates, Sven Ove Hanssonhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-belief-revision/[01:05:35] Quantifier elimination in atomless boolean algebra, H. Jerome Keislerhttps://people.math.wisc.edu/~hkeisler/random.pdf[01:08:35] Quantifier elimination in Tau language specification, Ohad Asorhttps://tau.ai/Theories-and-Applications-of-Boolean-Algebras-0.29.pdf[01:11:50] Tau Net blockchain platformhttps://tau.net/[01:19:20] Tau blockchain's innovative approach treating blockchain code itself as a contracthttps://tau.net/Whitepaper.pdf…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
John Palazza - Vice President of Global Sales @ CentML ( sponsored) 54:50

21 days ago54:50

54:50

John Palazza from CentML joins us in this sponsored interview to discuss the critical importance of infrastructure optimization in the age of Large Language Models and Generative AI. We explore how enterprises can transition from the innovation phase to production and scale, highlighting the significance of efficient GPU utilization and cost management. The conversation covers the open-source versus proprietary model debate, the rise of AI agents, and the need for platform independence to avoid vendor lock-in, as well as emerging trends in AI infrastructure and the pivotal role of strategic partnerships. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/dnjsygrgdgq5ng5fdlfjg/JOHNPALAZZA.pdf?rlkey=hl9wyydi9mj077rbg5acdmo3a&dl=0 John Palazza: Vice President of Global Sales @ CentML https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-p-b34655/ TOC: 1. Enterprise AI Organization and Strategy [00:00:00] 1.1 Organizational Structure and ML Ownership [00:02:59] 1.2 Infrastructure Efficiency and GPU Utilization [00:07:59] 1.3 Platform Centralization vs Team Autonomy [00:11:32] 1.4 Enterprise AI Adoption Strategy and Leadership 2. MLOps Infrastructure and Resource Management [00:15:08] 2.1 Technology Evolution and Enterprise Integration [00:19:10] 2.2 Enterprise MLOps Platform Development [00:22:15] 2.3 AI Interface Evolution and Agent-Based Solutions [00:25:47] 2.4 CentML's Infrastructure Solutions [00:30:00] 2.5 Workload Abstraction and Resource Allocation 3. LLM Infrastructure Optimization and Independence [00:33:10] 3.1 GPU Optimization and Cost Efficiency [00:36:47] 3.2 AI Efficiency and Innovation Challenges [00:41:40] 3.3 Cloud Provider Strategy and Infrastructure Control [00:46:52] 3.4 Platform Independence and Vendor Lock-in [00:50:53] 3.5 Technical Innovation and Growth Strategy REFS: [00:01:25] Apple Acquires GraphLab, Apple Inc. https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/05/apple-acquires-turi-a-machine-learning-company/ [00:03:50] Bain Tech Report 2024, Gartner https://www.bain.com/insights/topics/technology-report/ [00:04:50] PaaS vs IaaS Efficiency, Gartner https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-11-19-gartner-forecasts-worldwide-public-cloud-end-user-spending-to-total-723-billion-dollars-in-2025 [00:14:55] Fashion Quote, Oscar Wilde https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Works-Oscar-Wilde-Collins/dp/0007144369 [00:15:30] PointCast Network, PointCast Inc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology [00:18:05] AI Bain Report, Bain & Company https://www.bain.com/insights/how-generative-ai-changes-the-game-in-tech-services-tech-report-2024/ [00:20:40] Uber Michelangelo, Uber Engineering Team https://www.uber.com/en-SE/blog/michelangelo-machine-learning-platform/ [00:20:50] Algorithmia Acquisition, DataRobot https://www.datarobot.com/newsroom/press/datarobot-is-acquiring-algorithmia-enhancing-leading-mlops-architecture-for-the-enterprise/ [00:22:55] Fine Tuning vs RAG, Heydar Soudani, Evangelos Kanoulas & Faegheh Hasibi. https://arxiv.org/html/2403.01432v2 [00:24:40] LLM Agent Survey, Lei Wang et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11432 [00:26:30] CentML CServe, CentML https://docs.centml.ai/apps/llm [00:29:15] CentML Snowflake, Snowflake https://www.snowflake.com/en/engineering-blog/optimize-llms-with-llama-snowflake-ai-stack/ [00:30:15] NVIDIA H100 GPU, NVIDIA https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/h100/ [00:33:25] CentML\'s 60% savings, CentML https://centml.ai/platform/…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Transformers Need Glasses! - Federico Barbero 1:00:54

23 days ago1:00:54

1:00:54

Federico Barbero (DeepMind/Oxford) is the lead author of "Transformers Need Glasses!". Have you ever wondered why LLMs struggle with seemingly simple tasks like counting or copying long strings of text? We break down the theoretical reasons behind these failures, revealing architectural bottlenecks and the challenges of maintaining information fidelity across extended contexts. Federico explains how these issues are rooted in the transformer's design, drawing parallels to over-squashing in graph neural networks and detailing how the softmax function limits sharp decision-making. But it's not all bad news! Discover practical "glasses" that can help transformers see more clearly, from simple input modifications to architectural tweaks. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** https://federicobarbero.com/ TRANSCRIPT + RESEARCH: https://www.dropbox.com/s/h7ys83ztwktqjje/Federico.pdf?dl=0 TOC: 1. Transformer Limitations: Token Detection & Representation [00:00:00] 1.1 Transformers fail at single token detection [00:02:45] 1.2 Representation collapse in transformers [00:03:21] 1.3 Experiment: LLMs fail at copying last tokens [00:18:00] 1.4 Attention sharpness limitations in transformers 2. Transformer Limitations: Information Flow & Quantization [00:18:50] 2.1 Unidirectional information mixing [00:18:50] 2.2 Unidirectional information flow towards sequence beginning in transformers [00:21:50] 2.3 Diagonal attention heads as expensive no-ops in LAMA/Gemma [00:27:14] 2.4 Sequence entropy affects transformer model distinguishability [00:30:36] 2.5 Quantization limitations lead to information loss & representational collapse [00:38:34] 2.6 LLMs use subitizing as opposed to counting algorithms 3. Transformers and the Nature of Reasoning [00:40:30] 3.1 Turing completeness conditions in transformers [00:43:23] 3.2 Transformers struggle with sequential tasks [00:45:50] 3.3 Windowed attention as solution to information compression [00:51:04] 3.4 Chess engines: mechanical computation vs creative reasoning [01:00:35] 3.5 Epistemic foraging introduced REFS: [00:01:05] Transformers Need Glasses!, Barbero et al. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2024/file/b1d35561c4a4a0e0b6012b2af531e149-Paper-Conference.pdf [00:05:30] Softmax is Not Enough, Veličković et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01104 [00:11:30] Adv Alg Lecture 15, Chawla https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~shuchi/courses/787-F09/scribe-notes/lec15.pdf [00:15:05] Graph Attention Networks, Veličković https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10903 [00:19:15] Extract Training Data, Carlini et al. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.17035 [00:31:30] 1-bit LLMs, Ma et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17764 [00:38:35] LLMs Solve Math, Nikankin et al. https://arxiv.org/html/2410.21272v1 [00:38:45] Subitizing, Railo https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_578 [00:43:25] NN & Chomsky Hierarchy, Delétang et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.02098 [00:51:05] Measure of Intelligence, Chollet https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 [00:52:10] AlphaZero, Silver et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30523106/ [00:55:10] Golden Gate Claude, Anthropic https://www.anthropic.com/news/golden-gate-claude [00:56:40] Chess Positions, Chase & Simon https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0010028573900042 [01:00:35] Epistemic Foraging, Friston https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computational-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncom.2016.00056/full…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Sakana AI - Chris Lu, Robert Tjarko Lange, Cong Lu 1:37:54

4 weeks ago1:37:54

1:37:54

We speak with Sakana AI, who are building nature-inspired methods that could fundamentally transform how we develop AI systems. The guests include Chris Lu, a researcher who recently completed his DPhil at Oxford University under Prof. Jakob Foerster's supervision, where he focused on meta-learning and multi-agent systems. Chris is the first author of the DiscoPOP paper, which demonstrates how language models can discover and design better training algorithms. Also joining is Robert Tjarko Lange, a founding member of Sakana AI who specializes in evolutionary algorithms and large language models. Robert leads research at the intersection of evolutionary computation and foundation models, and is completing his PhD at TU Berlin on evolutionary meta-learning. The discussion also features Cong Lu, currently a Research Scientist at Google DeepMind's Open-Endedness team, who previously helped develop The AI Scientist and Intelligent Go-Explore. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** * DiscoPOP - A framework where language models discover their own optimization algorithms * EvoLLM - Using language models as evolution strategies for optimization The AI Scientist - A fully automated system that conducts scientific research end-to-end * Neural Attention Memory Models (NAMMs) - Evolved memory systems that make transformers both faster and more accurate TRANSCRIPT + REFS: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/gflcyvnujp8cl7zlv3v9d/Sakana.pdf?rlkey=woaoo82943170jd4yyi2he71c&dl=0 Robert Tjarko Lange https://roberttlange.com/ Chris Lu https://chrislu.page/ Cong Lu https://www.conglu.co.uk/ Sakana https://sakana.ai/blog/ TOC: 1. LLMs for Algorithm Generation and Optimization [00:00:00] 1.1 LLMs generating algorithms for training other LLMs [00:04:00] 1.2 Evolutionary black-box optim using neural network loss parameterization [00:11:50] 1.3 DiscoPOP: Non-convex loss function for noisy data [00:20:45] 1.4 External entropy Injection for preventing Model collapse [00:26:25] 1.5 LLMs for black-box optimization using abstract numerical sequences 2. Model Learning and Generalization [00:31:05] 2.1 Fine-tuning on teacher algorithm trajectories [00:31:30] 2.2 Transformers learning gradient descent [00:33:00] 2.3 LLM tokenization biases towards specific numbers [00:34:50] 2.4 LLMs as evolution strategies for black box optimization [00:38:05] 2.5 DiscoPOP: LLMs discovering novel optimization algorithms 3. AI Agents and System Architectures [00:51:30] 3.1 ARC challenge: Induction vs. transformer approaches [00:54:35] 3.2 LangChain / modular agent components [00:57:50] 3.3 Debate improves LLM truthfulness [01:00:55] 3.4 Time limits controlling AI agent systems [01:03:00] 3.5 Gemini: Million-token context enables flatter hierarchies [01:04:05] 3.6 Agents follow own interest gradients [01:09:50] 3.7 Go-Explore algorithm: archive-based exploration [01:11:05] 3.8 Foundation models for interesting state discovery [01:13:00] 3.9 LLMs leverage prior game knowledge 4. AI for Scientific Discovery and Human Alignment [01:17:45] 4.1 Encoding Alignment & Aesthetics via Reward Functions [01:20:00] 4.2 AI Scientist: Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery [01:24:15] 4.3 DiscoPOP: LLM for Preference Optimization Algorithms [01:28:30] 4.4 Balancing AI Knowledge with Human Understanding [01:33:55] 4.5 AI-Driven Conferences and Paper Review…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Clement Bonnet - Can Latent Program Networks Solve Abstract Reasoning? 51:26

6 weeks ago51:26

51:26

Clement Bonnet discusses his novel approach to the ARC (Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus) challenge. Unlike approaches that rely on fine-tuning LLMs or generating samples at inference time, Clement's method encodes input-output pairs into a latent space, optimizes this representation with a search algorithm, and decodes outputs for new inputs. This end-to-end architecture uses a VAE loss, including reconstruction and prior losses. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT + RESEARCH OVERVIEW: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/j7m0gaz1126y594gswtma/CLEMMLST.pdf?rlkey=y5qvwq2er5nchbcibm07rcfpq&dl=0 Clem and Matthew- https://www.linkedin.com/in/clement-bonnet16/ https://github.com/clement-bonnet https://mvmacfarlane.github.io/ TOC 1. LPN Fundamentals [00:00:00] 1.1 Introduction to ARC Benchmark and LPN Overview [00:05:05] 1.2 Neural Networks' Challenges with ARC and Program Synthesis [00:06:55] 1.3 Induction vs Transduction in Machine Learning 2. LPN Architecture and Latent Space [00:11:50] 2.1 LPN Architecture and Latent Space Implementation [00:16:25] 2.2 LPN Latent Space Encoding and VAE Architecture [00:20:25] 2.3 Gradient-Based Search Training Strategy [00:23:39] 2.4 LPN Model Architecture and Implementation Details 3. Implementation and Scaling [00:27:34] 3.1 Training Data Generation and re-ARC Framework [00:31:28] 3.2 Limitations of Latent Space and Multi-Thread Search [00:34:43] 3.3 Program Composition and Computational Graph Architecture 4. Advanced Concepts and Future Directions [00:45:09] 4.1 AI Creativity and Program Synthesis Approaches [00:49:47] 4.2 Scaling and Interpretability in Latent Space Models REFS [00:00:05] ARC benchmark, Chollet https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04604 [00:02:10] Latent Program Spaces, Bonnet, Macfarlane https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08706 [00:07:45] Kevin Ellis work on program generation https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ellisk/ [00:08:45] Induction vs transduction in abstract reasoning, Li et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02272 [00:17:40] VAEs, Kingma, Welling https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6114 [00:27:50] re-ARC, Hodel https://github.com/michaelhodel/re-arc [00:29:40] Grid size in ARC tasks, Chollet https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI [00:33:00] Critique of deep learning, Marcus https://arxiv.org/vc/arxiv/papers/2002/2002.06177v1.pdf…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Prof. Jakob Foerster - ImageNet Moment for Reinforcement Learning? 53:31

6 weeks ago53:31

53:31

Prof. Jakob Foerster, a leading AI researcher at Oxford University and Meta, and Chris Lu, a researcher at OpenAI -- they explain how AI is moving beyond just mimicking human behaviour to creating truly intelligent agents that can learn and solve problems on their own. Foerster champions open-source AI for responsible, decentralised development. He addresses AI scaling, goal misalignment (Goodhart's Law), and the need for holistic alignment, offering a quick look at the future of AI and how to guide it. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT/REFS: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/yqjszhntfr00bhjh6t565/JAKOB.pdf?rlkey=scvny4bnwj8th42fjv8zsfu2y&dl=0 Prof. Jakob Foerster https://x.com/j_foerst https://www.jakobfoerster.com/ University of Oxford Profile: https://eng.ox.ac.uk/people/jakob-foerster/ Chris Lu: https://chrislu.page/ TOC 1. GPU Acceleration and Training Infrastructure [00:00:00] 1.1 ARC Challenge Criticism and FLAIR Lab Overview [00:01:25] 1.2 GPU Acceleration and Hardware Lottery in RL [00:05:50] 1.3 Data Wall Challenges and Simulation-Based Solutions [00:08:40] 1.4 JAX Implementation and Technical Acceleration 2. Learning Frameworks and Policy Optimization [00:14:18] 2.1 Evolution of RL Algorithms and Mirror Learning Framework [00:15:25] 2.2 Meta-Learning and Policy Optimization Algorithms [00:21:47] 2.3 Language Models and Benchmark Challenges [00:28:15] 2.4 Creativity and Meta-Learning in AI Systems 3. Multi-Agent Systems and Decentralization [00:31:24] 3.1 Multi-Agent Systems and Emergent Intelligence [00:38:35] 3.2 Swarm Intelligence vs Monolithic AGI Systems [00:42:44] 3.3 Democratic Control and Decentralization of AI Development [00:46:14] 3.4 Open Source AI and Alignment Challenges [00:49:31] 3.5 Collaborative Models for AI Development REFS [[00:00:05] ARC Benchmark, Chollet https://github.com/fchollet/ARC-AGI [00:03:05] DRL Doesn't Work, Irpan https://www.alexirpan.com/2018/02/14/rl-hard.html [00:05:55] AI Training Data, Data Provenance Initiative https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/19/technology/ai-data-restrictions.html [00:06:10] JaxMARL, Foerster et al. https://arxiv.org/html/2311.10090v5 [00:08:50] M-FOS, Lu et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01447 [00:09:45] JAX Library, Google Research https://github.com/jax-ml/jax [00:12:10] Kinetix, Mike and Michael https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23208 [00:12:45] Genie 2, DeepMind https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/genie-2-a-large-scale-foundation-world-model/ [00:14:42] Mirror Learning, Grudzien, Kuba et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01682 [00:16:30] Discovered Policy Optimisation, Lu et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.05639 [00:24:10] Goodhart's Law, Goodhart https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law [00:25:15] LLM ARChitect, Franzen et al. https://github.com/da-fr/arc-prize-2024/blob/main/the_architects.pdf [00:28:55] AlphaGo, Silver et al. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01815.pdf [00:30:10] Meta-learning, Lu, Towers, Foerster https://direct.mit.edu/isal/proceedings-pdf/isal2023/35/67/2354943/isal_a_00674.pdf [00:31:30] Emergence of Pragmatics, Yuan et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07752 [00:34:30] AI Safety, Amodei et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06565 [00:35:45] Intentional Stance, Dennett https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-ai/ [00:39:25] Multi-Agent RL, Zhou et al. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.10091 [00:41:00] Open Source Generative AI, Foerster et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08597…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Daniel Franzen & Jan Disselhoff - ARC Prize 2024 winners 1:09:04

7 weeks ago1:09:04

1:09:04

Daniel Franzen and Jan Disselhoff, the "ARChitects" are the official winners of the ARC Prize 2024. Filmed at Tufa Labs in Zurich - they revealed how they achieved a remarkable 53.5% accuracy by creatively utilising large language models (LLMs) in new ways. Discover their innovative techniques, including depth-first search for token selection, test-time training, and a novel augmentation-based validation system. Their results were extremely surprising. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** Jan Disselhoff https://www.linkedin.com/in/jan-disselhoff-1423a2240/ Daniel Franzen https://github.com/da-fr ARC Prize: http://arcprize.org/ TRANSCRIPT AND BACKGROUND READING: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/utkn2i1ma79fn6an4yvjw/ARCHitects.pdf?rlkey=67pe38mtss7oyhjk2ad0d2aza&dl=0 TOC 1. Solution Architecture and Strategy Overview [00:00:00] 1.1 Initial Solution Overview and Model Architecture [00:04:25] 1.2 LLM Capabilities and Dataset Approach [00:10:51] 1.3 Test-Time Training and Data Augmentation Strategies [00:14:08] 1.4 Sampling Methods and Search Implementation [00:17:52] 1.5 ARC vs Language Model Context Comparison 2. LLM Search and Model Implementation [00:21:53] 2.1 LLM-Guided Search Approaches and Solution Validation [00:27:04] 2.2 Symmetry Augmentation and Model Architecture [00:30:11] 2.3 Model Intelligence Characteristics and Performance [00:37:23] 2.4 Tokenization and Numerical Processing Challenges 3. Advanced Training and Optimization [00:45:15] 3.1 DFS Token Selection and Probability Thresholds [00:49:41] 3.2 Model Size and Fine-tuning Performance Trade-offs [00:53:07] 3.3 LoRA Implementation and Catastrophic Forgetting Prevention [00:56:10] 3.4 Training Infrastructure and Optimization Experiments [01:02:34] 3.5 Search Tree Analysis and Entropy Distribution Patterns REFS [00:01:05] Winning ARC 2024 solution using 12B param model, Franzen, Disselhoff, Hartmann https://github.com/da-fr/arc-prize-2024/blob/main/the_architects.pdf [00:03:40] Robustness of analogical reasoning in LLMs, Melanie Mitchell https://arxiv.org/html/2411.14215 [00:07:50] Re-ARC dataset generator for ARC task variations, Michael Hodel https://github.com/michaelhodel/re-arc [00:15:00] Analysis of search methods in LLMs (greedy, beam, DFS), Chen et al. https://arxiv.org/html/2408.00724v2 [00:16:55] Language model reachability space exploration, University of Toronto https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpgloy1dDn0 [00:22:30] GPT-4 guided code solutions for ARC tasks, Ryan Greenblatt https://redwoodresearch.substack.com/p/getting-50-sota-on-arc-agi-with-gpt [00:41:20] GPT tokenization approach for numbers, OpenAI https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/text-generation/tokenizer-examples [00:46:25] DFS in AI search strategies, Russell & Norvig https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Intelligence-Modern-Approach-4th/dp/0134610997 [00:53:10] Paper on catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, Kirkpatrick et al. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1611835114 [00:54:00] LoRA for efficient fine-tuning of LLMs, Hu et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09685 [00:57:20] NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU specs, NVIDIA https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-hopper-architecture-in-depth/ [01:04:55] Original MCTS in computer Go, Yifan Jin https://stanford.edu/~rezab/classes/cme323/S15/projects/montecarlo_search_tree_report.pdf…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Sepp Hochreiter - LSTM: The Comeback Story? 1:07:01

7 weeks ago1:07:01

1:07:01

Sepp Hochreiter, the inventor of LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks – a foundational technology in AI. Sepp discusses his journey, the origins of LSTM, and why he believes his latest work, XLSTM, could be the next big thing in AI, particularly for applications like robotics and industrial simulation. He also shares his controversial perspective on Large Language Models (LLMs) and why reasoning is a critical missing piece in current AI systems. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. Check out their super fast DeepSeek R1 hosting! https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** TRANSCRIPT AND BACKGROUND READING: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/n1vzm79t3uuss8xyinxzo/SEPPH.pdf?rlkey=fp7gwaopjk17uyvgjxekxrh5v&dl=0 Prof. Sepp Hochreiter https://www.nx-ai.com/ https://x.com/hochreitersepp https://scholar.google.at/citations?user=tvUH3WMAAAAJ&hl=en TOC: 1. LLM Evolution and Reasoning Capabilities [00:00:00] 1.1 LLM Capabilities and Limitations Debate [00:03:16] 1.2 Program Generation and Reasoning in AI Systems [00:06:30] 1.3 Human vs AI Reasoning Comparison [00:09:59] 1.4 New Research Initiatives and Hybrid Approaches 2. LSTM Technical Architecture [00:13:18] 2.1 LSTM Development History and Technical Background [00:20:38] 2.2 LSTM vs RNN Architecture and Computational Complexity [00:25:10] 2.3 xLSTM Architecture and Flash Attention Comparison [00:30:51] 2.4 Evolution of Gating Mechanisms from Sigmoid to Exponential 3. Industrial Applications and Neuro-Symbolic AI [00:40:35] 3.1 Industrial Applications and Fixed Memory Advantages [00:42:31] 3.2 Neuro-Symbolic Integration and Pi AI Project [00:46:00] 3.3 Integration of Symbolic and Neural AI Approaches [00:51:29] 3.4 Evolution of AI Paradigms and System Thinking [00:54:55] 3.5 AI Reasoning and Human Intelligence Comparison [00:58:12] 3.6 NXAI Company and Industrial AI Applications REFS: [00:00:15] Seminal LSTM paper establishing Hochreiter's expertise (Hochreiter & Schmidhuber) https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-abstract/9/8/1735/6109/Long-Short-Term-Memory [00:04:20] Kolmogorov complexity and program composition limitations (Kolmogorov) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02478259 [00:07:10] Limitations of LLM mathematical reasoning and symbolic integration (Various Authors) https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03671 [00:09:05] AlphaGo’s Move 37 demonstrating creative AI (Google DeepMind) https://deepmind.google/research/breakthroughs/alphago/ [00:10:15] New AI research lab in Zurich for fundamental LLM research (Benjamin Crouzier) https://tufalabs.ai [00:19:40] Introduction of xLSTM with exponential gating (Beck, Hochreiter, et al.) https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04517 [00:22:55] FlashAttention: fast & memory-efficient attention (Tri Dao et al.) https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14135 [00:31:00] Historical use of sigmoid/tanh activation in 1990s (James A. McCaffrey) https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2015/06/01/alternative-activation-functions.aspx [00:36:10] Mamba 2 state space model architecture (Albert Gu et al.) https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00752 [00:46:00] Austria’s Pi AI project integrating symbolic & neural AI (Hochreiter et al.) https://www.jku.at/en/institute-of-machine-learning/research/projects/ [00:48:10] Neuro-symbolic integration challenges in language models (Diego Calanzone et al.) https://openreview.net/forum?id=7PGluppo4k [00:49:30] JKU Linz’s historical and neuro-symbolic research (Sepp Hochreiter) https://www.jku.at/en/news-events/news/detail/news/bilaterale-ki-projekt-unter-leitung-der-jku-erhaelt-fwf-cluster-of-excellence/ YT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u2pW2zZLCs…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Want to Understand Neural Networks? Think Elastic Origami! - Prof. Randall Balestriero 1:18:10

7 weeks ago1:18:10

1:18:10

Professor Randall Balestriero joins us to discuss neural network geometry, spline theory, and emerging phenomena in deep learning, based on research presented at ICML. Topics include the delayed emergence of adversarial robustness in neural networks ("grokking"), geometric interpretations of neural networks via spline theory, and challenges in reconstruction learning. We also cover geometric analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) for toxicity detection and the relationship between intrinsic dimensionality and model control in RLHF. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. Are you interested in working on reasoning, or getting involved in their events? Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** Randall Balestriero https://x.com/randall_balestr https://randallbalestriero.github.io/ Show notes and transcript: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3lufge4upq5gy0ug75j4a/RANDALLSHOW.pdf?rlkey=nbemgpa0jhawt1e86rx7372e4&dl=0 TOC: - Introduction - 00:00:00: Introduction - Neural Network Geometry and Spline Theory - 00:01:41: Neural Network Geometry and Spline Theory - 00:07:41: Deep Networks Always Grok - 00:11:39: Grokking and Adversarial Robustness - 00:16:09: Double Descent and Catastrophic Forgetting - Reconstruction Learning - 00:18:49: Reconstruction Learning - 00:24:15: Frequency Bias in Neural Networks - Geometric Analysis of Neural Networks - 00:29:02: Geometric Analysis of Neural Networks - 00:34:41: Adversarial Examples and Region Concentration - LLM Safety and Geometric Analysis - 00:40:05: LLM Safety and Geometric Analysis - 00:46:11: Toxicity Detection in LLMs - 00:52:24: Intrinsic Dimensionality and Model Control - 00:58:07: RLHF and High-Dimensional Spaces - Conclusion - 01:02:13: Neural Tangent Kernel - 01:08:07: Conclusion REFS: [00:01:35] Humayun – Deep network geometry & input space partitioning https://arxiv.org/html/2408.04809v1 [00:03:55] Balestriero & Paris – Linking deep networks to adaptive spline operators https://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/balestriero18b/balestriero18b.pdf [00:13:55] Song et al. – Gradient-based white-box adversarial attacks https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.14965 [00:16:05] Humayun, Balestriero & Baraniuk – Grokking phenomenon & emergent robustness https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.15555 [00:18:25] Humayun – Training dynamics & double descent via linear region evolution https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.12977 [00:20:15] Balestriero – Power diagram partitions in DNN decision boundaries https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08443 [00:23:00] Frankle & Carbin – Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for network pruning https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.03635 [00:24:00] Belkin et al. – Double descent phenomenon in modern ML https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11118 [00:25:55] Balestriero et al. – Batch normalization’s regularization effects https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.14778 [00:29:35] EU – EU AI Act 2024 with compute restrictions https://www.lw.com/admin/upload/SiteAttachments/EU-AI-Act-Navigating-a-Brave-New-World.pdf [00:39:30] Humayun, Balestriero & Baraniuk – SplineCam: Visualizing deep network geometry https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2023/papers/Humayun_SplineCam_Exact_Visualization_and_Characterization_of_Deep_Network_Geometry_and_CVPR_2023_paper.pdf [00:40:40] Carlini – Trade-offs between adversarial robustness and accuracy https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20099 [00:44:55] Balestriero & LeCun – Limitations of reconstruction-based learning methods https://openreview.net/forum?id=ez7w0Ss4g9 (truncated, see shownotes PDF)…

Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

1
Nicholas Carlini (Google DeepMind) 1:21:15

9 weeks ago1:21:15

1:21:15

Nicholas Carlini from Google DeepMind offers his view of AI security, emergent LLM capabilities, and his groundbreaking model-stealing research. He reveals how LLMs can unexpectedly excel at tasks like chess and discusses the security pitfalls of LLM-generated code. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. Are you interested in working on reasoning, or getting involved in their events? Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** Transcript: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/lat7sfyd4k3g5k9crjpbf/CARLINI.pdf?rlkey=b7kcqbvau17uw6rksbr8ccd8v&dl=0 TOC: 1. ML Security Fundamentals [00:00:00] 1.1 ML Model Reasoning and Security Fundamentals [00:03:04] 1.2 ML Security Vulnerabilities and System Design [00:08:22] 1.3 LLM Chess Capabilities and Emergent Behavior [00:13:20] 1.4 Model Training, RLHF, and Calibration Effects 2. Model Evaluation and Research Methods [00:19:40] 2.1 Model Reasoning and Evaluation Metrics [00:24:37] 2.2 Security Research Philosophy and Methodology [00:27:50] 2.3 Security Disclosure Norms and Community Differences 3. LLM Applications and Best Practices [00:44:29] 3.1 Practical LLM Applications and Productivity Gains [00:49:51] 3.2 Effective LLM Usage and Prompting Strategies [00:53:03] 3.3 Security Vulnerabilities in LLM-Generated Code 4. Advanced LLM Research and Architecture [00:59:13] 4.1 LLM Code Generation Performance and O(1) Labs Experience [01:03:31] 4.2 Adaptation Patterns and Benchmarking Challenges [01:10:10] 4.3 Model Stealing Research and Production LLM Architecture Extraction REFS: [00:01:15] Nicholas Carlini’s personal website & research profile (Google DeepMind, ML security) - https://nicholas.carlini.com/ [00:01:50] CentML AI compute platform for language model workloads - https://centml.ai/ [00:04:30] Seminal paper on neural network robustness against adversarial examples (Carlini & Wagner, 2016) - https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.04644 [00:05:20] Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) – primary U.S. federal law on computer hacking liability - https://www.justice.gov/jm/jm-9-48000-computer-fraud [00:08:30] Blog post: Emergent chess capabilities in GPT-3.5-turbo-instruct (Nicholas Carlini, Sept 2023) - https://nicholas.carlini.com/writing/2023/chess-llm.html [00:16:10] Paper: “Self-Play Preference Optimization for Language Model Alignment” (Yue Wu et al., 2024) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00675 [00:18:00] GPT-4 Technical Report: development, capabilities, and calibration analysis - https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774 [00:22:40] Historical shift from descriptive to algebraic chess notation (FIDE) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_notation [00:23:55] Analysis of distribution shift in ML (Hendrycks et al.) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16241 [00:27:40] Nicholas Carlini’s essay “Why I Attack” (June 2024) – motivations for security research - https://nicholas.carlini.com/writing/2024/why-i-attack.html [00:34:05] Google Project Zero’s 90-day vulnerability disclosure policy - https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/p/vulnerability-disclosure-policy.html [00:51:15] Evolution of Google search syntax & user behavior (Daniel M. Russell) - https://www.amazon.com/Joy-Search-Google-Master-Information/dp/0262042878 [01:04:05] Rust’s ownership & borrowing system for memory safety - https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html [01:10:05] Paper: “Stealing Part of a Production Language Model” (Carlini et al., March 2024) – extraction attacks on ChatGPT, PaLM-2 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06634 [01:10:55] First model stealing paper (Tramèr et al., 2016) – attacking ML APIs via prediction - https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.02943…

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Test-Time Adaptation: the key to reasoning with DL (Mohamed Osman)