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Behold, the Lion

The Columbia Witness

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Behold, the Lion explores what it means to have a relationship with Jesus in a university environment, with the mission of spreading the message of Christianity to the curious and equipping Christian listeners with a better understanding of how to live the Christian life in a secular world. We discuss questions of theology, art, literature, and practical living as people of faith in the 21st century. This semester, our new host, Ardaschir Arguelles, is joined by guests from various Christian ...
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On this episode of Behold, the Lion, Ardaschir, Silas, and Ben discuss the next section of the CC curriculum, which deals with the Quran and medieval Islamic thought. Join them for a conversation about the origins of Islam, the notion of Quranic revelation, and how Islam interacts with the Platonic and Aristotelian traditions from the start of the …
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It's a new academic year, and a new season for Behold, the Lion! This semester, we're following alongside Columbia's Contemporary Civilization class, which discusses major works of philosophy and political thought. Join Ardaschir, Silas, and Madeline as they kick things off with a discussion of Plato's Republic, the first text on the syllabus and o…
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In this episode, Ardaschir and Rory discuss the line of the Creed that states, "I look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come." They discuss the hope of the resurrection and different understandings of it from the Bible, as well as what it means to live in the hope of the world to come.…
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In this episode, Ardaschir and Rory discuss the line of the creed that states, "I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins." They look at and consider different interpretations and beliefs about Baptism across Christendom and throughout history, from John the Baptist to the modern debates of Protestant Christianity, reflecting on the power a…
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In this episode, Ardaschir, Rory, and Joel discuss the line of the Creed that addresses the “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church.” Going through these terms, they tackle questions of how the church can be “one,” when there are so many denominations, and what is really meant by “apostolic succession.…
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In this episode, Ardaschir, Rory, and Joel discuss what the Nicene Creed has to say about the return of Christ. They look at how Christians have historically understood the timing of Christ’s return, what “premillennialism,” “postmillennialism,” and “a-millennialism” are all about, and how the Bible calls us to live in expectation of the Second Com…
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In this episode, Joel, Rory, and Ardaschir discuss an aspect of the Creed that is often underemphasized: Christ’s ascension into heaven. Tackling difficult questions like “Where is Jesus now?” “What is He doing?” and “Can long-distance relationships actually work out?” they consider what it means that Christ finished His work, and how He is still a…
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The Nicene Creed tells us that Christ’s resurrection was “in accordance with the Scriptures.” In this episode, Rory, Joel, and Ardaschir discuss the claim that Christ can be seen in every passage in the Old Testament and look at specific passages that foreshadow Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. The boys question whether Christians ever stret…
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This week Ardaschir, Rory, and Joel take a break from discussing the Nicene Creed to tackle one of the most celebrated days of the year: Christmas. Christmas is one of the two most important Holidays for Christians, the trio discuss why Christians celebrate Christmas, the history of Christmas trees, whether Christmas is a pagan holiday, and why Chr…
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When we consider some of the splits that have divided Christians for a millennium, none can be more intimidating than what awaits us in the next life. This week's episode covers the line "And was buried," with little other context as to what Jesus was doing in the time in-between His death and resurrection. By contrast, the ninth line of the Apostl…
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No other symbol of Christianity is as famous as the image of the cross. We see the Cross not only in Churches but in tattoos and jewelry. Because of how mainstream the Cross has transformed in our society from a once horrific execution instrument to a symbol of God’s mercy and grace, it’s confusing to fathom what Christ’s death meant for humanity. …
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When thinking of the most prolific symbols found in Christianity, none is more striking than that of the cross. The cross today is regarded more as a symbol of peace and faith; very seldom do we remember how Roman officials reserved crucifixion as a genius punishment reserved for the most diabolical of criminals. In today's episode, we discuss the …
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Mariology. An odd word that expands upon one of the most controversial discussions in Church/Christian history. When considering the incarnation of Christ, Mary plays a vital role in the story of Jesus' coming into the world--being His mother. Catholics, Orthodoxes, and Protestants have long debated the life of the Virgin Mary and what basis is the…
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Why did the only begotten Son of God -- eternal, born of the Father before all ages, through whom all things were made -- ever become a human being? The Nicene Creed answers this question clearly: it was for us and for our salvation. Christians talk a lot about salvation, without always specifying what it means -- and there are disagreements among …
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In this episode, Ardaschir and Joel conclude their discussion of the "high Christology" of the Nicene Creed -- where the creed defines who Christ is, before describing what He does. Though sea slugs and fist-fighting saints feature in this conversation, the focus is on Christ as the Word who was with God and was God, through whom all things were ma…
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"Si comprehendis, non est Deus." (If you understand, then it is not God). This quote from St. Augustine comes up several times in this week's discussion, as we wade further into the Christological material of the Nicene Creed -- the material that describes who Christ is, and His relationship to God the Father and to the Holy Spirit. What does it me…
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Despite the disagreements that have historically divided Christians, what unites Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant churches is Christ Himself -- His humanity, His divinity, and His life, crucifixion, and resurrection. On this week's episode, join Nate, Joel, Rory, and Ardaschir as they delve into the Christological material of the Nicene Creed, be…
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Christians throughout millennia have debated what it means for God to be the creator of the Heavens and the Earth. What does this label say about our understanding of God, as part of His Creation? How do we interpret Biblical texts like Genesis that detail the creation story? From the controversial discussion of theistic evolution versus young-eart…
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In this episode, we look at the first confession of faith in the Nicene Creed: “I believe in one God, the Father almighty.” This statement of monotheism – the credo – finds parallels in the shema and the shahada, the respective confessions of Judaism and Islam. What are the similarities and differences in how these three Abrahamic religions conceiv…
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It has been a great semester as The Good Fight discussed the spring readings on the Literature Humanities syllabus. From Augustine to Morrison, this spring has been a wild ride, but this week The Good Fight takes a step back to tie this whole semester together. Tune in to the last episode of the 2021-2022 academic year for an all-star discussion co…
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Columbia's LitHum syllabus has changed significantly in the last couple decades, largely in response to contemporary political and social trends. The course recently added Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison to address what some considered a lack of diversity in the syllabus. The work is hailed as a landmark in African-American literature and its bibl…
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Modernity brought many changes to society, and with those came a change in literature. This week The Good Fight dives into 20th century literature with Virginia Woolf's To The Lighthouse, a book where the characters are far more alive than the story. As these characters experience life, our hosts will discuss how the novel's portrayal of time and r…
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It's a long episode this week, and perhaps you'll say it doesn't have a conclusion. As much has been said of the writing of Franz Kafka, an early 20th century Bohemian novelist. As The Good Fight looks at his short work The Metamorphosis this week, they'll discuss what metamorphosis the novella depicts and how metamorphosis fits in the Christian li…
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Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment does not end with last week's discussion of guilt but with an apparent change in Raskolnikov's heart. But what exactly is going on with this apparent "resurrection"? The Good Fight brings back Crime and Punishment for the second episode of this two week exploration, this time focusing on the novel's epilogue and So…
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Any discussion of Western literature would be incomplete without at least one Russian classic. While choosing between Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky is no easy matter, LitHum opts for Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. The novel follows a young former student as he attempts to transcend his moral conscience and ultimately finds it much harder th…
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What makes a good romance? Lovable characters, and a heart-wrenching plot. Jane Austen nails both in her most popular novel, Pride and Prejudice. Along the way, she manages to include a healthy dose of criticism for the society she finds herself in. Why Pride and Prejudice has proved such a loved book over the last 200 years is only a mystery to th…
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With Miguel de Cervantes, the modern novel enters the LitHum syllabus. Noted for its hilarious parody of popular chivalric stories, Don Quixote is sure to put a laugh in any reader. The storyline is so famous that we've created an adjective from the main character's name (check the title)! This week, The Good Fight explores what this crazed(?), wan…
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Who hasn't heard of Shakespeare? Acclaimed as the most influential playwright in English history, William Shakespeare wrote so many of the classics whose names we all remember from High School literature: Hamlet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, The Tempest, etc. Fittingly, Columbia does not leave him off the syllabus, so this week The Good Fight is taking …
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Michel de Montaigne was a 16th-century French Renaissance philosopher and aristocrat. His famous work Essays is a collection of writings exploring humanity, and especial one human in particular - Montaigne himself. The work, though criticized for its style at the time, was influential in making the essay (lit. "trial") a popular form of writing. Th…
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Dante Alighieri gained a lot of attention last year as we marked 700 years since his death. In the middle ages, the Italian poet composed his Divine Comedy, an epic poem depicting an imagined journey through the three spiritual realms of Catholic teaching. Accordingly, his Inferno depicts Hell, the place where the souls of the condemned are placed …
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Augustine's Confessions is perhaps the most well-known literary work by an early Church father, except maybe Augustine's more philosophical work City of God. In this episode, The Good Fight explores the doctrine of original sin, which Augustine is famous for formalizing and popularizing, especially as it relates to Augustine's comments about infanc…
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Perhaps no books have been more influential in world history than those contained in the Christian New Testament. At the heart of this influence is a story about a man, Jesus. Four authors write about the 'good news' he brings, or his Gospel. This week, The Good Fight takes a look at two of these Gospel stories, perhaps the two more unique among th…
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Job had what everyone wants: 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 teams of oxen, and 500 female donkeys. And then he lost it all. The book of Job is one of the most direct theological responses in the Bible against the problem of theodicy: Why do bad things happen to good people? This week, The Good Fight breaks down the argument of the book and discusse…
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"In the beginning..." Those words start a canon of theological writings that, in many ways, have defined the Western literary tradition since the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Genesis, the first book of the Torah and Bible, presents the story of beginning, both of the universe by the creative words of God, and of the Israelites as the b…
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Arma virumque cano - thus begins the greatest work of Latin literature, Vergil's Aeneid. The story follows a survivor of Troy, Aeneas, as he escapes the city at its fall and travels the Mediterranean to fulfill his destiny: to lay the foundations of what would become Rome. The epic poem plays on Homeric plots and themes, but also comes across as di…
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Plato is the most influential philosopher of all time, bar none. But, perhaps contrary to what one expects, all of his writings are in the form of dialogue. One of those dialogues recounts a symposium - an Athenian drinking party - in which Socrates and some of Athens' most famous men give speeches on eros, love. Why is this work on the LitHum syll…
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Greek tragedy is one of the earliest and most influential forms of theatre, and no discussion of Western classics could be complete without looking at one (at least!) of the extant plays from the 3 great Athenian playwrights - Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. This week, listen to a discussion of the Oresteia, by Aeschylus, which depicts the dem…
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It's a story so tied to adventure that its name means journey in English: Homer's Odyssey. The story follows on the heels of the Iliad as Odysseus, the cleverest of the Achaean generals, finds his way home. Along the way are some of the most famous encounters in literary history with monsters, deities, and men. But for all that the story lives on i…
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Homer's Iliad is one of the oldest works of literature from the Western world. It has been a staple in education among the Greeks and Romans, in the Medieval ages, the Renaissance, and Enlightenment, and in modern liberal education. What has made this story so captivating for so long? Moreover, what can we learn from it across the ages and cultures…
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As the Fall semester starts at Columbia University, you will find many undergraduate freshmen reading works like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, or Vergil's Aeneid. These works form the core of an education founded on 'the classics' and are popular reads for people of all ages and backgrounds. But what makes something part of 'the classics'? Moreover, w…
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