Radio GDR. Life in the former East Germany holds an ongoing fascination for a lot of people. Join us as we learn more about the former East Germany. Radio German Democratic Republic is a podcast designed to educate and inform on the life and times of East Germany. Radio GDR is hosted by Steven Minegar and John Paul Kleiner.
…
continue reading
1
How the Grey Disappeared from Greyland - Part 1 of my conversation with Herta Peter
46:10
46:10
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
46:10
Hello Radio GDR listeners! I am so pleased to bring you the first episode of two with my new friend Herta Peter. My favorite thing about doing this podcast is hearing stories from those of you who lived in the GDR. Your stories are always extremely compelling, and we welcome them with open arms. History deserves to be preserved, and Radio GDR has b…
…
continue reading
1
Special Announcement - new website (radiogdrpodcast.com) and season 4 is coming!
1:20
1:20
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:20
Hello everyone! Season 4 is coming! We also have a new domain this season - radiogdrpodcast.com. Please do visit us soon to tell us your GDR story! I'll be updating show notes across old episodes so you can the same great content at our new website. Season 4 is coming! Look forward to announcing more details soon. Our ability to bring you stories f…
…
continue reading
In this episode John Paul Kleiner (GDR Objectified blog) speaks with Attila the Stockbroker, an English poet, musician and songwriter with roots in the punk movement and socialist politics. During his forty year career as independent artist, Attila has produced numerous albums and books and performed more than 3,800 shows including many in the GDR …
…
continue reading
1
Taking Stock with Victor Grossman, Part II: Why The GDR Failed
35:44
35:44
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
35:44
In 1952, a 24-year old American soldier defected to the Eastern Bloc in order to avoid a US Army disciplinary hearing and what he feared would be draconian punishment for his involvement in socialist and communist politics in the United States. This decision put his life on an entirely new trajectory, one that left him with a new name, Victor Gross…
…
continue reading
1
Berliners: Vesper Stamper's tale of twins divided by the Berlin Wall and thoughts on viewing the Cold War through historical fiction
56:37
56:37
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
56:37
I am truly honored to be joined today by author and illustrator Vesper Stamper who in 2022 published Berliners, a historical fiction about two twin brothers, Rudi and Peter, who end up divided by their views of the GDR and then, quite literally, by the Berlin Wall. This is a must read, guys. Listen as we talk to Vesper about how the theme of "histo…
…
continue reading
1
Why The GDR Fascinates Me: Kris Hinz's Reflections on his Father's Time in the GDR and the Country's Legacy Today
59:37
59:37
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
59:37
Hello everyone, and welcome to yet another incredible episode of Radio GDR. We are on episode 3 of 3 of our listener interviews to round out season 3. I hope you have enjoyed hearing about fellow listeners' interest in the GDR as much as I have. In our final listener interview, I have the honor of speaking to Kris Hinz of Australia, who was adopted…
…
continue reading
1
Why The GDR Fascinates Me: Fred Esposito on His Love for Radio GDR and Why Preserving History is Important
56:33
56:33
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
56:33
We are interviewing some of our most special listeners this season in gratitude for your amazing contributions to make season 3 of this podcast so special. We are especially grateful to the listeners who financially contributed to this season via our Patreon. One of our contributors, Fred Esposito, has gone above and beyond this season as our lone …
…
continue reading
1
Why The GDR Fascinates Me: Neese Family Adventures in Radebeul, Leipzig and Dresden
41:40
41:40
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
41:40
I have said this often, but I am so grateful to you all for your continued loyalty to the podcast this season. Most of you all don't know this, but I got this amazing gig when Shane Whaley interviewed me as a listener of the show back in 2020. I love the concept of interviewing our listeners so much that, to color the back half of season 3, I have …
…
continue reading
1
Ralph Hänel, Part III - Opening the Memory Box: Ralph's Corner GDR Museum
1:12:09
1:12:09
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:12:09
Hello, everyone, and welcome to our third installment of our interview with Ralph Hanel, Kung Fu Master, former Stasi prisoner and amazing storyteller. I am so glad you have enjoyed the first two installments, and Ralph and I sat down for a third interview to talk about the objects he has collected in recent years that remind him of his survival st…
…
continue reading
1
Ralph Hänel, Part II - "Can I borrow your baby?", Stasi Handcuffs and the Book of Poison
1:00:05
1:00:05
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:00:05
Welcome to another incredible episode of Radio GDR. Judging by your extremely positive reaction, you thoroughly enjoyed part 1 of our three part interview with Ralph Hanel, Kung Fu Master, former stasi prisoner and an incredible survivor. Now it's time for part 2 - listen how Ralph confronts his past when he discovers how his ex-girlfriend oddly "b…
…
continue reading
1
Ralph Hänel, Part I - My Father and the Stasi Lawyer
1:07:17
1:07:17
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:07:17
Hello, everyone, and welcome to another episode of Radio GDR. This is your host Steve Minegar, and the next three episodes will truly be a humbling and eye opening experience for all of us. On the Cold War Conversations podcast, our good friend Ian Sanders interviewed Ralph Hänel, Kung Fu Master, actor and just plain wonderful guy, about the length…
…
continue reading
1
Artists Take on The State! Experimental Art in Late East Germany, with Sara Blaylock
1:18:55
1:18:55
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:18:55
Did you know East German artists used their Stasi files as artwork after the fall of the Berlin wall? Ever heard of the Erfurt Women's Artists Group who stormed the Stasi Headquarters in their city? These were jaw-dropping facts I learned when I read Parallel Public - Experimential Art in Late East Germany by our guest today, Dr. Sara Blaylock, Ass…
…
continue reading
1
The Things They've Seen - Reflections on WWII and the Cold War by German Eyewitnesses, with Daniel Burghard
1:03:18
1:03:18
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:03:18
I often speak about what a privilege it is to preserve the stories of the past, many of which are disappearing quickly, through this podcast. You our contributors and listeners are truly helping us to advance that mission. In today's episode of Radio GDR, I'm honored to be joined by teacher and author Daniel Burghard all the way from Berlin who wit…
…
continue reading
1
Overlooked No More - Female Directors in East Germany's DEFA Films
58:40
58:40
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
58:40
There is no shortage of recent articles regarding the too long overlooked subject of female directors. While many of these articles are specific to the women directing films today (Patty Jenkins, Kelly Reichardt, Kathryn Bigelow, etc.), there are many more that claim to be comprehensive overviews of the contributions made by women to the art of cin…
…
continue reading
1
Gay Spies and LGBT Activism in East Germany, with Samuel Clowes Huneke
1:09:42
1:09:42
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:09:42
Gay spies and espionage….absolutely one of the most incredible topics you can study about the GDR. On today's episode of Radio GDR, we are going to dive into the topic of LGBT espionage, life and struggle for equality behind the Iron Curtain. We have the honor to be joined by Dr. Samuel Huneke, assistant professor of history at George Mason Univers…
…
continue reading
1
¡Venceremos! Chilean Bands and Socialist Solidarity at East Germany's Festival of Political Songs, with Jesse Freedman
49:36
49:36
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
49:36
Venceremos! We will overcome! This one word defined the socialist political movement of Salvador Allende's presidency in Chile and, after the military coup of 1973, rolled off the tongues of Chilean exiles and musical bands who found a new home in East Germany. As many of you know, I have long been interested in the GDR's international relations, p…
…
continue reading
1
Ned Richardson-Little on The Human Rights Dictatorship - Socialism, Global Solidarity and Revolution in East Germany
57:47
57:47
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
57:47
From an outside perspective, it would seem that human rights would be an idea that the East German regime would have had great difficulty reconciling itself with. However, in this episode of the pod, Dr. Ned Richardson-Little, author of The Human Rights Dictatorship: Socialism, Global Solidarity, and Revolution in East Germany, explains how the rul…
…
continue reading
1
"A House Divided Cannot Stand" - Designing Chapman University's Berlin Wall Monument at Liberty Plaza with Richard Turner
53:21
53:21
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
53:21
This episode seeks to answer a burning question - what does an artist do with a piece of the Berlin Wall? In our last episode, we interviewed Dr. Jim Doti, Professor and President Emeritus of Chapman University in Orange, California (chapman.edu), about how Chapman secured a piece of the Berlin Wall for the university's lovely campus. Today I am ho…
…
continue reading
1
"Historical Memory" - How Dr. Jim Doti Brought the Berlin Wall to Chapman University
29:11
29:11
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
29:11
There are many pieces of the Berlin Wall on display all around the world. How did universities, museums and other places secure these sections of what was once the most intimidating symbol of the Iron Curtain? In this episode of Radio GDR, I have the privilege of being joined by Dr. Jim Doti, Professor and President Emeritus of Chapman University i…
…
continue reading
1
Capitalism vs. Communism - Jeff Myers' "Crash Course" on Life in East Germany
48:03
48:03
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
48:03
We Radio GDR hosts all agree on this simple truth - our favorite interviews are of you the listeners and members of the Facebook group. Jeff Myers joined the group in January of 2022 and has proceeded to post some of the most captivating photos of his trip to the GDR in 1987. From pictures of old East Berlin to Trabants to an eerie "teaching assist…
…
continue reading
1
Taking Stock with Victor Grossman: The GDR's Achievements - Part I
50:23
50:23
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
50:23
In 1952, a 24-year old American soldier defected to the Eastern Bloc in order to avoid a US Army disciplinary hearing and what he feared would be draconian punishment for his involvement in socialist and communist politics in the United States. This decision put his life on an entirely new trajectory, one that left him with a new name, Victor Gross…
…
continue reading
1
No Man's Land: Michael Califra's Crossings in Divided Berlin
56:08
56:08
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
56:08
In our first interview of season 3, we speak with Michael Califra, author of "No Man's Land," one of our favorite works of fiction about life in divided Berlin. Michael lived and worked in Germany, mostly in Berlin, from 1986 to 1998 where he crossed between East and West many times. When he first considered writing about Berlin, it was still divid…
…
continue reading
1
Season 3 - The Gang is Back Together Again!
32:10
32:10
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
32:10
Welcome to Radio GDR Season 3! Join Steve Minegar, Shane Whaley, Anke Holst and John Paul Kleiner as we talk about what we’ve been up to, what we’re learning and what we look forward to sharing in this season. Our ability to bring you stories from behind the Berlin Wall is dependent on monthly donors like you. Visit us at https://www.eastgermanypod…
…
continue reading
1
Season 3 Special Announcement (45)
6:16
6:16
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
6:16
Radio GDR co-hosts, Steve and Shane share news of the upcoming Season 3 and how you can help us!Oleh Shane Whaley
…
continue reading
1
A Strange Exchange: Brown University Students on the Loose in East Germany
50:06
50:06
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
50:06
In this episode of Radio GDR our host John Paul Kleiner (gdrobjectified.wordpress.com) interviews Debby Pattiz about the unusual semester she spent in the GDR back in 1988 as a Brown University (Providence, Rhode Island, USA) student at Wilhelm-Pieck Universität in Rostock.Oleh John Paul Kleiner
…
continue reading
1
The Grey Men: Pursuing the Stasi into the Present with Ralph Hope
59:41
59:41
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
59:41
What do you do with a hundred thousand idle spies? By 1990 the Berlin Wall had fallen and the East German state security service folded. For forty years, they had amassed more than a billion pages in manila files detailing the lives of their citizens. Almost a hundred thousand Stasi employees, many of them experienced officers with access to highly…
…
continue reading
1
Punk Rock, Revolution, and the Fall of the Berlin Wall - with Tim Mohr
1:00:17
1:00:17
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:00:17
Thanks to Tim Mohr for taking time to speak with John Paul Kleiner (GDR Objectified blog) and Prof. Ed Larkey (University of Maryland - Baltimore County) about his book Burning Down the Haus: Punk Rock, Revolution and the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Tim's book is well worth a read and you don't have to be into punk music to enjoy it. Thats a wrap for …
…
continue reading
1
Borderland Museum Eichsfeld - Touring the Inner German Border with Patrick Hoffmann
49:42
49:42
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
49:42
In this episode of Radio GDR - the East Germany podcast, we are joined by Patrick Hoffmann, assistant director, pedagogue and historian at Borderland Museum Eichsfeld, one of the more than 20 museums along the former Inner German Border Founded in 1995, the museum sits at the border crossing point Duderstadt-Worbis, which is about 190 kilometers we…
…
continue reading
1
Lives of East Germans - The "Authentic Spirit" of Adelheid Wedel (40)
48:30
48:30
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
48:30
From being raised by a World War 2 veteran who spent time in a Soviet prison camp to having of view of the Berlin Wall from her apartment to meeting westerners like Celeste and her family who she finally visited in California after the wall fell, Adelheid has quite a story to tell!Oleh Steve Minegar
…
continue reading
1
More Ghosts of East Berlin - Celeste Barber's Fulbright Adventure in the GDR (39)
48:19
48:19
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
48:19
This episode of Radio GDR, the East Germany podcast, lives up to Paul Harvey's famous expression, "and now you know the rest of the story." In episode 24, Shane Whaley interviewed Eric Friedman who, as a 10-year old boy in 1988, accompanied his mother Celeste Barber, a teacher in the English Department at Santa Barbara City College in California, a…
…
continue reading
1
East German Football - The Turning Season: DDR-Oberliga Revisited with Michael Wagg (38)
1:04:10
1:04:10
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:04:10
A conversation with author Michael Wagg. In The Turning Season, he goes in search of hidden histories and footballing ghosts from before the fall of the Berlin Wall. He revisits the 14 clubs that made up the 1989 DDR-Oberliga, East Germany's top flight. From Aue in the Erzgebirge mountains to Rostock on the Baltic Sea, this quirky account of his wh…
…
continue reading
1
Bowling for Communism: Urban Ingenuity at the End of East Germany (36)
51:54
51:54
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
51:54
John Paul Kleiner chats with the author of Bowling for Communism: Urban Ingenuity at the End of East Germany. Andrew Demshuk. Bowling for Communism illuminates how civic life functioned in Leipzig, East Germany's second-largest city, on the eve of the 1989 revolution by exploring acts of "urban ingenuity" amid catastrophic urban decay. Andrew Demsh…
…
continue reading
1
The Red Woodstock - Politics and Pop Music in East Germany Part 3
1:04:09
1:04:09
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:04:09
John Paul Kleiner and Dr Ed Larkey return to Radio GDR/The East Germany Podcast for part 3 in our series on East German Pop Music. In 1971, East German leader Ulbricht is out and is replaced by Erich Honecker Our experts discuss how music listening in East Germany evolved and changed in the 1970s including The Red Woodstock Festival of Political So…
…
continue reading
1
East Germany, Chile and DEFA’s “Hidden Films” with Dr. Claudia Sandberg (34)
48:34
48:34
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
48:34
In this episode of Radio GDR East Germany podcast, Steve Minegar speaks with Dr. Claudia Sandberg. a film scholar and filmmaker at the University of Melbourne in Australia and a colleague of Katrin Bahr. Born in the GDR and raised watching DEFA films, Claudia’s research focuses on migration and mobility in European and Latin American film, Cold War…
…
continue reading
1
Interview with Helge Heidemayer, Director, Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial - Ep 37
44:11
44:11
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
44:11
On today's episode of the East Germany Podcast, GDR Objectified's John Paul Kleiner and Shane Whaley chat with the Herr Helge Heidemayer, director of the Hohenschönhausen Memorial in Berlin. You will learn: 1) About Hohenschönhausen a) What was Hohenschönhausen? b) Who was incarcerated there? c) What was the prison’s place in the GDR justice system…
…
continue reading
1
Politics and Pop Music in East Germany Part 2 (33)
45:41
45:41
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
45:41
In this episode, our hosts return to look at the broad theme of pop and politics in East Germany. 'So we're looking at ways that East German authorities, the party, the free German youth organization struggled or worked to frame youth culture in a way that was appealing to East German, young people, but also delivered the desired ideological conten…
…
continue reading
1
Why Communist East Germany's Interflug was an airline like no other with Sebastian Schmitz
41:39
41:39
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
41:39
Today we chat with the author of Interflug - East Germany's airline, Sebastian Schmitz. This is the first book published in English about Interflug. Don't worry though, you do not need to be an aviation nerd to enjoy this one! In this episode, we ask Sebastian your questions as we learn more about Interflug, her history, her planes, her employees a…
…
continue reading
1
East Germany in Mozambique: Private Photographs of a Forgotten Time with Dr. Katrin Bahr
1:14:26
1:14:26
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:14:26
On this episode of Radio GDR the East Germany Podcast, Steve Minegar explores the lives of East Germans who, in the name of international solidarity and cooperation with fellow socialist countries, worked on behalf of the GDR in Mozambique in the 1980's. He has the distinct pleasure of being joined by Dr. Katrin Bahr, Visiting Assistant Professor o…
…
continue reading
1
Visiting Family Behind the Iron Curtain - Journeys to Görlitz, East Germany with Bill Blosen (30)
42:49
42:49
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
42:49
I have always wondered what small-town life was like outside of Berlin in the GDR. In this episode of Radio GDR, Bill Blosen and I sit down to talk about his experiences traveling to Görlitz, a small medieval town on the East German-Polish border. Photos at www.radiogdr.com/30 He went there to visit family as a young man in the 1980s before the fal…
…
continue reading
1
My review of the new Amazon Explore Virtual Experience Tour - The infamous Berlin Wall: stories of the Death Strip and a divided city (29)
24:03
24:03
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
24:03
East Germany Podcast Host Shane Whaley's Amazon Explore review of The infamous Berlin Wall: stories of the Death Strip and a divided city tour. Shane works in the tours and activity industry hosting a podcast for tour operators called Tourpreneur. He is currently reviewing Amazon Explore which is Amazon's foray into virtual Livestream experiences a…
…
continue reading
1
My brother spied on us for the Stasi and how I survived life in an East German Prison (28)
1:19:35
1:19:35
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:19:35
In this episode, you will hear how Peter Keup's life was made a misery following his family's application for an exit visa. Peter discusses how his life was never to be the same again. How he was treated as a pariah by the East German state, which led to him trying to escape the GDR, getting captured, and spending time in an East German cell. He wa…
…
continue reading
1
A Journey Through the history of Rock and Pop Music of East Germany
1:14:10
1:14:10
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:14:10
In this episode of the East Germany Podcast - Radio GDR we go on a journey of Rock and Pop Music of East Germany. Our good friend John-Paul Kleiner (GDR Objectified) is in the East Germany podcast host chair for this one. He is joined by Dr Edward Larkey, an expert on GDR music and author of Rotes Rockradio. John Paul turns his hand to DJ'ing as he…
…
continue reading
1
A Beginners Guide to East German Movies and DEFA. (126)
56:24
56:24
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
56:24
This episode is dedicated to our friend Neil Tooley who sadly passed away last week. In this episode of we explore the world of East German movies and DEFA, the studio that produced them. I know nothing about East German-made movies so in this episode we are joined by two East German Cinema buffs to find out more. I was delighted when Jeffrey Babco…
…
continue reading
1
Why I am Fascinated by East Germany and East German Fashion (25)
33:25
33:25
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
33:25
In this episode of the East Germany Podcast we ask Christine the podcaster behind the East German Fashion History Podcast , why she is fascinated with East Germany and East German Fashion.Oleh Shane Whaley
…
continue reading
1
East Germany through the eyes of a 10 year old American boy (24)
1:04:02
1:04:02
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
1:04:02
In 1988, a reluctant 10 year old American boy, Eric Friedman moved to East Berlin. His father Frank was granted a Fulbright grant to lecture at Humboldt University. Eric shares his experiences living in East Germany in his memoir The Ghosts of East Berlin, he shares some of those memories with us here on the East Germany Podcast Radio GDR…
…
continue reading
1
Why I Am Fascinated by East Germany With Anthony Russell (23)
39:58
39:58
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
39:58
In this episode of the East Germany Podcast, Shane Whaley is joined by Anthony Russell. Anthony shares with us what fascinates him about East Germany. Anthony was so fascinated by the GDR that he chose to live for a year in Rostock as part of his Germany degree. He also discusses his favorite books written about the GDR as well as TV shows and movi…
…
continue reading
1
Cold War Conversations Podcast Co-Host - Why I am Fascinated by the GDR.
38:01
38:01
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
38:01
In this episode of the East Germany Podcast, Shane Whaley is joined by Cold War Conversations Podcast Co-Host James Chilcott. James shares with us what fascinates him about East Germany. James tells us how he visited the Fulda Gap as a schoolboy and was photographed by East German Border Guards. He also discusses his favorite books written about th…
…
continue reading
1
East Germany and Chile with Steve Minegar (21)
44:12
44:12
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
44:12
In this episode of the Radio GDR Podcast, host Shane Whaley kicks off season 2 of the East Germany podcast chatting with listener Steve Minegar about the relationship between East Germany and Chile. Part of the Why We Are Fascinated by East Germany series.Oleh Shane Whaley
…
continue reading
1
A quick update from Radio GDR - East Germany Podcast
5:56
5:56
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
5:56
Radio GDR Co-host Shane explains why there have been no episodes of late and why you should not unsubscribe because more episodes are coming your way in the near future.Oleh Shane Whaley
…
continue reading
1
Collecting East German Stamps (DDR) - The DDR Collectors Series
48:53
48:53
Main Kemudian
Main Kemudian
Senarai
Suka
Disukai
48:53
In this episode of the Radio GDR Podcast, Jordan Heyburn talks about his passion for collecting East German stamps. He also shares tips on how you can get started with your very own DDR Stamp collection. This is the first in our DDR Collectors Series. Do you collect something GDR related? Let us know, we would love to chat with you on the Radio GDR…
…
continue reading