A global war and its fiscal consequences allowed new ideas to take root in the English colonies of North AmericaOleh Philip Pugh

In this sidetrack from the narrative, I discuss developments in science. Plus there's Bacon.Oleh Philip Pugh

In the 18th century, Scotland became an unlikely center of European intellectual life.Oleh Philip Pugh

The Stuarts were back for a while, but Constitutional government was here to stay along with a new concept: human rights.Oleh Philip Pugh

Meanwhile, across the channel, all was not civil in the state of EnglandOleh Philip Pugh

The revolution of 1789 started at the Estates-General, but what were the estates anyway?Oleh Philip Pugh

A podcast about the western world in the age of ideologiesOleh Philip Pugh